Journal: Journal of Translational Autoimmunity

Article Title: T cell proliferative response to a homocitrullinated peptide correlates with joint pathology in collagen induced arthritis

doi: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2025.100345

Figure Lengend Snippet: RA-Specific Serum IgG Antibodies in DBA/1J Mice. Sera were collected biweekly from DBA/1J mice immunized with bovine type II collagen (bCII) (arthritic: N = 9–18; non-arthritic: N = 17–37), or PBS (N = 14) and tested via indirect ELISA for A) anti-CitP, and B) anti-HomoCitP IgG antibodies. Graphs show the median [IQR] for each group, with a cut-off indicating the limit of detection (dashed line). Statistical analysis was performed using a mixed effects model with the Geisser-Greenhouse correction and Tukey's multiple comparisons test. The resulting p-values are indicated on the graphs.

Article Snippet: The anti-mCII ELISA kits were used according to manufacturer's protocol (2036T; Chondrex).

Techniques: Indirect ELISA

Journal: Integrative Medicine Research

Article Title: Therapeutic effects of pomegranate hot-water extract via inhibition of apoptosis and oxidative stress in a DHEA-induced mouse model of PCOS

doi: 10.1016/j.imr.2025.101264

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pg-hWE alleviates PCOS symptoms in a mouse model based on H&E staining. (A) PCOS mouse model construction. The mice were subcutaneously administered with 30 mg/kg of DHEA for six weeks. One week prior to start of SC administration, each group was administered the appropriate drug (tap water, dextrin, and Pg-hWE) orally. (B) Body weight was measured once a week. (C) Results of the AMH ELISA with mouse serum. (D) Mouse ovary histology by H&E staining. (E) Results of ovarian follicles by type. # p < 0.05 ## p < 0.01 compared with the Normal group, * p < 0.05 and ⁎⁎ p < 0.01 compared with the PCOS group.

Article Snippet: ELISA of mouse serum was performed using the CUSABIO's anti-Müllerian hormone ELISA kit (CUSABIO, Houston, TX, USA) as reported previously, and all preparation and experimental procedures were performed according to the protocol provided by CUSABIO.

Techniques: Staining, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Bioengineered extracellular vesicles escape lysosomal degradation and deliver Tet-PKM2 for macrophage immunometabolic reprogramming and periodontitis treatment

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.01.002

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunomodulatory effects of the bioengineered LEVs Tet−PKM2 @TA in terms of their ability to modulate macrophage polarization in vitro . The macrophages were treated with 100 ng/mL LPS for 24 h and then treated with PBS (Control), 100 μg/mL LEVs PKM2 , LEVs Tet−PKM2 , or LEVs Tet−PKM2 @TA for another 24 h. ( A ) The relative mRNA expression levels of M1 polarization-related genes ( IL-6 and IL-1β ) and M2 polarization-related genes ( IL-4 and Arg-1 ) in the Control, LEVs PKM2 , LEVs Tet−PKM2 , and LEVs Tet−PKM2 @TA groups (qRT‒PCR) ( n = 3). ( B ) Concentrations of M1-related cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) and M2-related cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) in the supernatants of the Control, LEVs PKM2 , LEVs Tet−PKM2 , and LEVs Tet−PKM2 @TA groups (ELISA) ( n = 3). ( C ) Representative immunofluorescence images and quantification of the expression levels of M1-related proteins (iNOS and CCR7) and M2-related proteins (CD163, CD206, and Arg-1) in the Control, LEVs PKM2 , LEVs Tet−PKM2 , and LEVs Tet−PKM2 @TA groups ( n = 3). The data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis was performed with one-way ANOVA ( A , B , and C ). ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗ p < 0.001 indicate significant differences between the indicated columns.

Article Snippet: Kits were sourced as follows: TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-10 from Fankew (Shanghai Kexing Trading Co., Ltd., China) and IL-6 from Proteintech.

Techniques: In Vitro, Control, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Immunofluorescence

Journal: Translational Oncology

Article Title: Tumor-stroma contributes to immunotherapeutic resistance in non-small cell lung cancer via SEMA3C-mediated immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment

doi: 10.1016/j.tranon.2026.102679

Figure Lengend Snippet: SEMA3C-targeting treatment inhibited tumor growth and restored T cell function. (A) Schematic of the treatment protocol in mice bearing Lewis cells. (B) Tumor growth curve of mice treated with PBS and the SEMA3C-targeting treatment. (C-D) Representative images showing the tumors harvested from mice bearing Lewis cells treated with PBS and the SEMA3C-targeting treatment, and weight of the harvested tumors. Data was presented as mean±SD. Significance was calculated with the Student’s t -test. **** P < 0.001. (E-G) Relative concentrations of PD-1 (E), GZMB (F), and IFN-γ (G) as measured by ELISA in Lewis cell-bearing mice treated with PBS or SEMA3C-targeting treatment. Data was presented as mean±SD. Significance was calculated with the Student’s t -test. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01.

Article Snippet: Additionally, mouse protein levels of programmed death-1 (PD-1, catalog EK2271), IFN-γ (catalog EK280), and granzyme B (GZMB, catalog EK2173) in peripheral blood from Lewis lung carcinoma-bearing mice were assessed using ELISA kits from MultiSciences (LIANKE) Biotech Co., Ltd (Hangzhou, China).

Techniques: Cell Function Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: International Journal of Cardiology. Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention

Article Title: The sphingolipid metabolite sphingosine protects against hypertension by targeting metabolic-inflammatory crosstalk via the NLRP3 inflammasome

doi: 10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200562

Figure Lengend Snippet: SPH attenuates pathological changes and suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the hearts of hypertensive mice. (A, B) Masson's trichrome staining of heart (A) and aorta (B) sections, showing reduced collagen deposition (blue) with SPH treatment. Scale bars: 20 μm for heart, 50 μm (main) and 20 μm (inset) for aorta. (C) H&E staining of heart sections showing amelioration of myocardial disarray and inflammation. Scale bars: 500 μm (main) and 20 μm (inset).(D) ELISA quantification of serum IL-18 and IL-1β levels. Data are mean ± SEM. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗P < 0.0001 vs. HBP group. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: Serum levels of interleukin-18 (IL-18) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were quantified using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits (IL-18: Lianke, Cat#EK218-96; IL-1β: Lianke, Cat# EK201BHS-96) according to the manufacturers' instructions.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Staining, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: International Journal of Cardiology. Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention

Article Title: The sphingolipid metabolite sphingosine protects against hypertension by targeting metabolic-inflammatory crosstalk via the NLRP3 inflammasome

doi: 10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200562

Figure Lengend Snippet: SPH mitigates Angiotensin II-induced inflammasome activation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in HUVECs. (A, B) Representative immunofluorescence images showing increased expression of NLRP3 (red, A) and ASC (green, B) in AngII-treated cells, which is reduced by subsequent SPH treatment. Scale bar = 100 μm. (C) TUNEL assay (green) demonstrating increased apoptosis in AngII-treated cells, which is attenuated by SPH. Scale bar = 100 μm. (D, E) Biochemical assays showing that SPH or MCC950 treatment reverses the AngII-induced decrease in SOD1 activity (G).NO (H) and increase in MDA levels (D). (F, G) DCFH-DA staining showing increased intracellular ROS (green) after AngII treatment, which is suppressed by SPH or MCC950. Representative images (F) and quantification (E) are shown. (I, J) ELISA results showing that SPH or MCC950 treatment inhibits the AngII-induced secretion of IL-1β (I) and IL-18 (J). (K) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showing that SPH or MCC950 treatment improves the cell surface morphology and reduces features of pyroptotic damage induced by AngII. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: Serum levels of interleukin-18 (IL-18) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were quantified using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits (IL-18: Lianke, Cat#EK218-96; IL-1β: Lianke, Cat# EK201BHS-96) according to the manufacturers' instructions.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Immunofluorescence, Expressing, TUNEL Assay, Activity Assay, Staining, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Electron Microscopy